SECTION II. History/Social Studies  

In this section is a list of questions. After the questions, the question has been repeated, along with the answer. This allows you to print out the questions for your students and keep the question-and-answer section for your reference.

 

AN OVERVIEW OF THE WEST

A. NATIVE AMERICANS

A-1. The peoples who were "native" to the Americas were probably immigrants. From what countries do we believe they came?

A-2. Look at a geographic map of North America. Find the Mississippi River. Look west to the Missouri River. What kind of land is west of the Missouri? What large mountain formation runs roughly north-south? How would this affect human settlement?

A-3. Even before Europeans arrived, native people were constantly moving. Yet they had no horses. How would they move? What beasts of burden would they use? How would this form of life effect the kinds of clothes they wore, utensils, food preparation?

A-4. How did the roles of men and women differ?

A-5. What kinds of toys did Native American children have? What kinds of games did they play? Why and how were they important?

 

B. EARLY EXPLORERS

B-1. Irish monks and Norse Vikings both made their way to the eastern coast of the American continent even before Christopher Columbus "discovered" the continent for Spain. Ships from the Orient sailed along the West Coast. What other countries came to explore the American continent? Why?

B-2. The exchange of cultures -- European and native American -- had a major effect on both cultures. How did they change each other? What happens when cultures clash today?

B-3. What town lay at the mouth of the Mississippi River? Why were the town and the river important?

B-4. What was the attitude of early explorers toward the native tribes? How did attitudes differ with nationalities?

B-5. From the very beginning, explorers hunted for rivers that would allow ships to sail across the continent. Why? Look at a map of the United States. How many large rivers flow from the East Coast to the West Coast? If you have older maps (pre-1806), is there a difference in the geography (rivers and mountains) shown? How would these geographic features effect travel? How would they effect growth?

 

C. EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS

C-1. Where were the first permanent settlements in America? From what country/countries were they?

C-2. What conditions in Europe would cause people to go to America in the 1700s?

C-3. What was the American Revolution? How did it affect Europe?

C-4. What part did the European monarchy play in opening the American West?

C-5. Who were Lewis & Clark? What role did they play in opening the West? What young girl accompanied Lewis & Clark?

C-6. What was the result of the Lewis & Clark expedition?

 

D. TRAPPERS, TRADERS AND SCOUTS

D-1. How did European fashion of the early 1800s affect the American West?

D-2. Who were the trappers?

D-3. What were the biggest dangers in the wilderness?

D-4. Did trappers always work alone?

D-5. What was the rendezvous and how did it change wilderness trapping and hunting?

D-6. What happened as more men went into the American frontier to trap and hunt?

D-7. How did trapping change in the 1830s?

D-8. Who else explored the American West during 1800-1830?

D-9. What was the American West like?

D-10. What about the Southwest?

 

E. COMING TO AMERICA: THE IMMIGRANTS

E-1. From what countries did immigrants come after 1800?

 

F. WEST BY WAGON

F-1. What were the natural barriers that kept people from moving West?

F-2. When did families start to move into the American West?

F-3. What was the general route West?

F-4. Why did they not go by boat?

F-5. Since there were no roads, how did travelers know the way West?

F-6. What was the trail West like?

 

G. THE MORMONS

G-1. What was the importance of the Mormons?

G-2. What effect did the California gold rush have on the Mormons?

 

H. TRANSPORTATION

H-1. How did people send messages or packages from one coast to the other?

H-2. When were railroads built?

H-3. Was the transcontinental railroad the only railroad?

H-4. What obstacles sometimes slowed down train travel?

 

I. SLAVERY & CIVIL WAR

I-1. How did the issue of slavery affect the American West?

I-2. Was the American West involved in the Civil War?

 

J. OUTLAWS & LAWMEN

J-1. Were there really more outlaws on the frontier than in the East?

J-2. Were many outlaws shot or hanged?

 

K. CATTLE RANCHING & COWBOYS

K-1. Why did the cattlemen find the West attractive?

K-2. So how did the cattle get to market?

K-3. What were the trail rides like?

K-4. Who were the cowboys?

K-5. Was cattle ranching limited to small operations?

K-6. Why did the industry decline?

K-7. Was there a sheep industry?

 

L. HOMESTEADING

L-1. What was the Homestead Act of 1862?

L-2. What caused trouble between homesteaders, sheepmen and cattlemen?

L-3. What was farm life like on the small frontier farm?

 

M. TOWNS

M-1. When did towns begin to form in the West?

M-2. Who were the first to open businesses in towns?

 

N. WHITE MAN V. RED MAN

N-1. Why did relations between Native Americans and white settlers become difficult?

N-2. What happened to the Native American tribes?

N-3. Were the Native American tribes considered separate nations?

 

O. LAST OF THE FRONTIER

O-1. When did the frontier end?

0-2. Was there any concern for preserving the frontier?

 

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